What are The Reasons for Militarization of Nations?

There are various reasons given for militarisation by the countries –

1)       Some defend their acts by saying that they are preparing one’s country for the possible conflicts of the future.

2)      Still some people might like to defend the humongous spending done by the countries by suggesting that building these weapons leads to the economic welfare by bringing valuable foreign exchange reserves by selling the weapons to the other countries. Moreover, the weapons built indigenously also encourage social welfare in the following way – The private company in the country builds the weapons for which the company sets up the industry which in turn employs people of the country. The revenue generated by selling these weapons to the country will result in revenues for the company and the company can invest the amount in getting new technologies and further scale up the production processes which in turn would lead to more employment. This would also lead the country to be self sufficient in the supply of arms for its defenses rather than being dependent on other countries.

3)      Another argument can be that the country’s spending on defense is essentially stabilizing the world political equation. This argument essentially means that the country wants to establish enough political power for itself on the world stage that it can become a force to reckon with for the other countries. It, because of its status, can also take part in solving international conflicts in its way, which can be deemed correct or incorrect by the others. 

4)      Foreign policy objectives

5)      Perceived threats on a global scale

6)     Armed conflict and policies to contribute to multilateral peacekeeping operations

7)    Availability of economic resources also has an impact on the amount of money a country spends on its defenses.

Let us take a look at the countries which spend the highest amount of monetary resources on their defense budgets.

 

We can also represent the above details graphically. The US accounts for the major chunk (46.5%) of the spending done all over the world on defense.

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)’s 2010 gives the following information regarding the military spending done across the world and points to some startling facts -

·         The expenditure over the world on military front in 2009 is estimated to be $1.531 trillion in current dollars

·         It has increased about 6% over 2008 and a 49% increase since 2008 which is huge.

·         This is equal to 2.7 % of the world GDP

·         The top 15 countries spending money on defense have spent over 82% of the total amount spent by all the countries taken together.

·         The US accounts for 46.5% of that pie followed by China having 6.6%

This is also depicted in the diagram below - 

 

Now, knowing the fact that countries are spending huge sums on their military expenditures, what implications does this have on the security scenario of the world as a whole? This is a pretty tricky question. One might be convinced into believing that the spending on the defense sector essentially leads to the stabilization of the world and makes the world a better place to live. Countries spending more and more amounts tend to believe that this would lead to a power balance in their regions and discourage the enemy countries not to enter into a direct conflict with them. This is fair argument but it is too good to be true in the present scenario.

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